Ultrafast signatures of magnetic inhomogeneity in Pd_1−xFe_x (x ≤ 0.08) epitaxial thin films

• Andrey V. Petrov,
• Sergey I. Nikitin,
• Lenar R. Tagirov,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Igor V. Yanilkin and
• Roman V. Yusupov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 836–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.74

• ferromagnetic metals was a subject of interest in magnetic nanostructures [50][51][52] and had a value of about 3 × 105 m/s. Being stronger localized in the narrower 4d bands [44], the itinerant 4d electrons must have a lower velocity, say 105 m/s. Then, with the transport time τ ≈ 10−14 s and the electron-spin

An atomic force microscope integrated with a helium ion microscope for correlative nanoscale characterization

• Santiago H. Andany,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Stefan Hummel,
• Charlène Brillard,
• Mustafa Kangül and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1272–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.111

• of vertical and lateral resolution, nanoscale machining, and measurement of physical properties of the sample will allow for a multi-physics investigation in many areas of materials science and technology, such as energy materials, magnetic nanostructures, and (bio-)composites. Experimental All AFM

Size limits of magnetic-domain engineering in continuous in-plane exchange-bias prototype films

• Alexander Gaul,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Timo Ueltzhöffer,
• Henning Huckfeldt,
• Hatice Doğanay,
• Johanna Hackl,
• Muhammad Imtiaz Khan,
• Daniel M. Gottlob,
• Gregor Hartmann,
• André Beyer,
• Dennis Holzinger,
• Slavomír Nemšák,
• Claus M. Schneider,
• Armin Gölzhäuser,
• Günter Reiss and
• Arno Ehresmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2968–2979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.276

• . Keywords: exchange bias; helium ion microscopy; ion bombardment induced magnetic patterning; magnetic domains; magnetic nanostructures; Introduction Engineered magnetic domains with deliberately set magnetic properties and designed shapes in thin-film systems have proven to be useful in memory [1][2] and

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• nm gaps have been fabricated in devices in [55][81][82][83] using EBID directly, as a mask or in combination with a metallic layer to enable specific functionality. EBID has been used for several novel applications such as the deposition of magnetic nanostructures by Pai [84] and Kent [85] using STM

Magnetic characterization of cobalt nanowires and square nanorings fabricated by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Federico Venturi,
• Gian Carlo Gazzadi,
• Amir H. Tavabi,
• Alberto Rota,
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski and
• Stefano Frabboni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1040–1049, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.97

• ; magnetic force microscopy; magnetic nanostructures; off-axis electron holography; transmission electron microscopy; Introduction Magnetic nanostructures are studied intensively for their applications in high-density data storage [1][2], magnetic random access memory [3], magnetic logic nanodevices [4] and

• promise for reliable, high-capacity and high-performance devices [7]. However, in all of the proposed applications, the stability of the magnetic state of the nanostructure depends on factors such as its composition, crystal structure and shape [8]. Co-based magnetic nanostructures can be deposited by

• high spatial resolution. Moreover, it is also possible to deposit oxides [10] and, by co-injecting different precursors, alloy materials with tunable properties [11]. A review of the application of the technique to the deposition of magnetic nanostructures has recently been published [12]. It should be

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

• such as magnetism at the nanoscale. Magnetic nanostructures are fundamental building blocks for applications in data storage and processing as well as the potential successor technologies based on magnonics [67] and spintronics [68] combined with high integration density relying on 3D nanostructure

• formation. Two- and three-dimensional structures of FEBID-derived magnetic nanostructures have been prepared, [16][53][56][57][69][70][71] but alternative precursors are desired to predefine different compositions and increase spatial resolution of deposits. The structures of molecular precursor species are

Magnetic properties of optimized cobalt nanospheres grown by focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) on cantilever tips

• Soraya Sangiao,
• César Magén,
• Darius Mofakhami,
• Grégoire de Loubens and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2106–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.210

• magnetic nanostructures have been produced in last years by the focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) technique [1][2]. The extensive list of nanostructures includes: (a) planar deposits in the shape of Hall bars for sensing purposes [3][4][5][6]; (b) magnetic nanopillars for functionalization

• investigations [25], nanoconstrictions and nanocontacts for domain-wall pinning [26] and Andreev reflection studies [27]. The growth of such numerous types of 2D and 3D magnetic nanostructures has been possible thanks to the main virtues of the FEBID technique such as: arbitrary design of the beam scan path [28

• (smaller than 100 nm) with high metal content. Another strategy to increase the metal content and/or change the microstructure arises in the application of post-growth purification steps [37][38][39]. In order to avoid the surface oxidation of the magnetic nanostructures, the use of protective shells has

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au@Co nanochains

• Varadee Vittur,
• Arati G. Kolhatkar,
• Shreya Shah,
• Irene Rusakova,
• Dmitri Litvinov and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.168

• shift from that of a single particle because of near-field coupling. This shift in wavelength is proportional to the number of nanoparticles in the chain [31][32]. These new types of magnetic nanostructures find use in several applications, such as combined MRI imaging and photothermal treatment and bio

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• of a nanoplate. The study explains, hereto unaddressed, the temporal evolution of complex magnetic nanostructures. These ferromagnetic nanostructures represent an interesting combination of shape anisotropy and magnetic characteristics. Keywords: Brownian motion; cobalt nanoplates; electron

• complex magnetic nanostructures for various technological applications. The concentration of TMAH and the growth temperature play a critical role in controlling the morphology of cobalt nanoplates. FEGTEM micrographs captured after 45 min: (a) Sample A (cTMAH = 0.01 M) size of single flower = 250 nm

Magnetic switching of nanoscale antidot lattices

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Joachim Gräfe,
• Kristof M. Lebecki,
• Maxim Skripnik,
• Felix Haering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Eberhard Goering and
• Ulrich Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 733–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.65

• ; magnetic nanostructures; magnetic switching; micromagnetic simulations; plasma etching; spin ice; X-ray microscopy; Introduction In nanotechnology, a widely used approach for tailoring physical properties on the nanometre length scale is the introduction of practically circular holes – so-called antidots

Focused particle beam-induced processing

• Michael Huth and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1883–1885, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.191

• article by Gian Carlo Gazzadi and Stefano Frabboni [6]. This leads into the important application field of magnetic nanostructures obtained by FEBID. Luis Rodríguez and coworkers present a detailed study on the influence of shape anisotropy and surface oxidation on the magnetization reversal of thin, iron

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• . The efficacy of these TMC- and Au-containing magnetic nanostructures could benefit applications such as electrochemical labels, sensory probes, electronic conductors, therapeutic agents, organic photovoltaics, drug delivery in biological and medical applications, and catalysis due to their combined

Influence of the shape and surface oxidation in the magnetization reversal of thin iron nanowires grown by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Luis A. Rodríguez,
• Lorenz Deen,
• Rosa Córdoba,
• César Magén,
• Etienne Snoeck,
• Bert Koopmans and
• José M. De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1319–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.136

• ; focused electron beam induced deposition; iron nanowires; magnetization reversal; magneto-optical Kerr effect; transmission electron microscopy; Introduction The fabrication of magnetic nanostructures in a single lithographic step by focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) is currently an

• ] allows for the growth of magnetic nanostructures with tailored dimensions. Some of the most recent advances in this topic are: the achievement of resolution in single magnetic structures below 30 nm [15][16][17], the fabrication of nanomagnets for logic [18], the production of highly-dense isolated

• magnetic structures [19], the growth of three-dimensional nanowires [20][21] and the fabrication of nanospheres on scanning probe tips [22][23]. One of the crucial parameters to be controlled in such magnetic nanostructures grown by FEBID is the coercive field, HC, which corresponds to the magnetic field

Structural transitions in electron beam deposited Co–carbonyl suspended nanowires at high electrical current densities

• Gian Carlo Gazzadi and
• Stefano Frabboni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1298–1305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.134

• future nanoscale devices which need scaled interconnects, and the deposition of magnetic nanostructures opens interesting perspectives in the field of magnetic nanodevices [14][15]. To keep up with such challenging tasks, FEBID has to face a deposit purity issue [16], the C and O contamination of metal

• microscopy (TEM). The Co–carbonyl precursor has been chosen because it is one of the most commonly used for the deposition of magnetic nanostructures, and also because it yields one of the highest metal concentrations among metalorganics [26]. Experimental FEBID was performed in a dual beam system (FEI

Fabrication of high-resolution nanostructures of complex geometry by the single-spot nanolithography method

• Alexander Samardak,
• Margarita Anisimova,
• Aleksei Samardak and
• Alexey Ognev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 976–986, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.101

• were sputtered with a magnetron in vacuum with a 20 nm-thick cobalt film. This resulted in 3D magnetic nanostructures with unusual spin configurations that potentially can be used in magnetic sensing technologies, memory, logic and biomedical applications [20]. Moreover, the single-spot nanolithography

Magnetic properties of self-organized Co dimer nanolines on Si/Ag(110)

• Lisa Michez,
• Kai Chen,
• Fabien Cheynis,
• Frédéric Leroy,
• Alain Ranguis,
• Haik Jamgotchian,
• Margrit Hanbücken and
• Laurence Masson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 777–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.80

• complex interplay between kinetics and thermodynamics. The last twenty years have seen an unprecedented rise in the interest in magnetic nanostructures. Besides the interest to potential technological applications, such as magnetic field sensors or magnetic data storage, numerous studies have been devoted

Manipulation of magnetic vortex parameters in disk-on-disk nanostructures with various geometry

• Maxim E. Stebliy,
• Alexander G. Kolesnikov,
• Alexey V. Ognev,
• Alexander S. Samardak and
• Ludmila A. Chebotkevich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 697–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.70

• Maxim E. Stebliy Alexander G. Kolesnikov Alexey V. Ognev Alexander S. Samardak Ludmila A. Chebotkevich Laboratory of Thin Film Technologies, School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.6.70 Abstract Magnetic nanostructures in the form of a

• -optical Kerr effect (MOKE) magnetometer are supported by the magnetic force microscopy imaging and micromagnetic simulations. Keywords: hysteresis; magnetic vortex; magnetization reversal; micromagnetic structure; Introduction Magnetic nanostructures have a wide range of unique properties that

Overview of nanoscale NEXAFS performed with soft X-ray microscopes

• Peter Guttmann and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 595–604, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.61

• ] and for the investigation of magnetic nanostructures [46][47]. In the latter case the magnetic properties as a function of an applied magnetic field as well as time resolved measurements [48] are performed to study the electronic functionalities for example in magnetic random access memories (MRAMS

The role of electron-stimulated desorption in focused electron beam induced deposition

• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Thomas W. Hansen,
• Jakob B. Wagner and
• Jeff T. M. De Hosson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 474–480, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.56

• [9], nanowires [10], tips for probe microscopy [11], and magnetic nanostructures [12][13]. FEBIP is a complex process, in which many parameters are involved. Examples are the residence times of the precursor molecules on the surface, the cross section or the reaction rate of dissociation, the local

Tuning the properties of magnetic thin films by interaction with periodic nanostructures

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Felix Haering,
• Stefan Nau,
• Carsten Schulze,
• Herbert Schletter,
• Denys Makarov,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Karsten Kuepper,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Johannes Boneberg and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 831–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.93

• tailor the magnetic domain sizes down to the width of an unperturbed domain wall in a continuous film, and moreover, we observe pinning and nucleation at or close to the imprinted defect structures. Keywords: colloidal lithography; magnetic data storage; magnetic nanostructures; percolated films

Focused electron beam induced deposition: A perspective

• Michael Huth,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Schwalb,
• Marcel Winhold,
• Roland Sachser,
• Maja Dukic,
• Jonathan Adams and
• Georg Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 597–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.70

• a face-centered tetragonal structure and is hard magnetic at room temperature [34]. Without any doubt FEBID holds great promise to become an important fabrication technique for magnetic nanostructures for micromagnetic studies, such as in the area of artificial spin-ice systems [35] or dipolar

Strong spin-filtering and spin-valve effects in a molecular V–C₆₀–V contact

• Mohammad Koleini and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 589–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.69

• formation, while the C60 is placed on the tip [7]. Subsequently, it is possible to investigate the interactions between tip and sample via electronic transport measurements as tip and sample are brought into contact. STM also provides a powerful tool for investigating spin-transport in magnetic

• nanostructures [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Direct magnetic interactions between STM tip and magnetic materials on a substrate have been studied in a number of works [18][19][20], and STM has been used to probe spin in organic molecules [21]. In the case of a magnetic tip and magnetic surfaces, this method

Distinguishing magnetic and electrostatic interactions by a Kelvin probe force microscopy–magnetic force microscopy combination

• Miriam Jaafar,
• Oscar Iglesias-Freire,
• Luis Serrano-Ramón,
• Manuel Ricardo Ibarra,
• Jose Maria de Teresa and
• Agustina Asenjo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 552–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.59

• ; Kelvin probe force microscopy; magnetic force microscopy; magnetic nanostructures; Introduction The most valuable asset of scanning force microscopy (SFM) is its versatility for studying a variety of interactions between the tip and the sample surface [1][2][3]. The SFM techniques can be used to detect

• surface of the bulk materials, and it has been intensively used to characterize magnetic nanostructures. However, MFM is nowadays proposed as a valuable technique to characterize more complex systems such as organic nanomagnets [6], magnetic oxide films [7], superparamagnetic particles [8][9] and carbon

Structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of Fe nanoparticles deposited onto single-crystalline surfaces

• Armin Kleibert,
• Wolfgang Rosellen,
• Mathias Getzlaff and
• Joachim Bansmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 47–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.6

• , Germany 10.3762/bjnano.2.6 Abstract Background: Magnetic nanostructures and nanoparticles often show novel magnetic phenomena not known from the respective bulk materials. In the past, several methods to prepare such structures have been developed – ranging from wet chemistry-based to physical-based

Magnetic coupling mechanisms in particle/thin film composite systems

• Giovanni A. Badini Confalonieri,
• Philipp Szary,
• Durgamadhab Mishra,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• Mathias Feyen,
• An Hui Lu,
• Leonardo Agudo,
• Gunther Eggeler,
• Oleg Petracic and
• Hartmut Zabel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 101–107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.12

• -assembly; nanoparticle-thinfilm composite; super-spin glass interaction; Introduction Recently, the study of composite magnetic nanostructures has received great interest due to the potential applications as permanent magnets or advanced data storage media [1][2][3][4][5]. In particular, systems where